efficacy of passiflora incarnata linnaeus in reducing dental anxiety in patients undergoing periodontal treatment

Statement of Problem: Oral premedication used to reduce the anxiety in patients undergoing dental treatment. Passion flower has been used as a sedative that can control the dental anxiety

Purpose: This study determines the efficacy of Passion flower, in reducing anxiety during the dental procedures

Material and Methods: In this randomized- one sided blind clinical trial, 63 patients, with moderate, high and severe anxiety [according to VAS score] in need of periodontal treatment were randomly divided into 3 groups of 21.The first group was given the drop Passion flower drop and the second group were given the drop of placebo and the third group; neither drug nor placebo were given [negative control group]. Results were analyzed by Chi Square, Variance Analysis, Tucky and Paired-T using SPSS software

Results: Mean anxiety level prior to the drug administration was 12.09+/-2.42 for the Passion flower group, 12.00+/-2.66 for the placebo group and 11.66+/-2.39 for the negative control group. After premedication, these values were: 8.47+/-2.58 for the Passion flower group, 10.52+/-2.11 for the placebo group and 11.23+/-2.34 for the negative control group

These results demonstrated a significant difference [p< 0.0001] in the anxiety levels before and after the Passion flower administration in the Passion flower group and also between the Passion flower group and the other two groups

Conclusion: Results indicated that administration of Passion flower, as a premedication, is significantly effective in reducing the anxiety. Since this study is a pioneer on the subject, further trials with greater number of subjects are required to confirm our resultsStatement of Problem: Oral premedication used to reduce the anxiety in patients undergoing dental treatment. Passion flower has been used as a sedative that can control the dental anxiety

Purpose: This study determines the efficacy of Passion flower, in reducing anxiety during the dental procedures

Material and Methods: In this randomized- one sided blind clinical trial, 63 patients, with moderate, high and severe anxiety [according to VAS score] in need of periodontal treatment were randomly divided into 3 groups of 21.The first group was given the drop Passion flower drop and the second group were given the drop of placebo and the third group; neither drug nor placebo were given [negative control group]. Results were analyzed by Chi Square, Variance Analysis, Tucky and Paired-T using SPSS software

Results: Mean anxiety level prior to the drug administration was 12.09+/-2.42 for the Passion flower group, 12.00+/-2.66 for the placebo group and 11.66+/-2.39 for the negative control group. After premedication, these values were: 8.47+/-2.58 for the Passion flower group, 10.52+/-2.11 for the placebo group and 11.23+/-2.34 for the negative control group

These results demonstrated a significant difference [p< 0.0001] in the anxiety levels before and after the Passion flower administration in the Passion flower group and also between the Passion flower group and the other two groups

Conclusion: Results indicated that administration of Passion flower, as a premedication, is significantly effective in reducing the anxiety. Since this study is a pioneer on the subject, further trials with greater number of subjects are required to confirm our results

Hemodynamic effects of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block

Lidocaine plus epinephrine is the most common anesthetic drug used in dentistry which has important cardiovascular side-effects like increase in blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia. The goal of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular effects of one cartridge of 2% lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine. 60 Cases without any systemic diseases who had been admitted for right and lower molar tooth extraction were studied. For all of them, inferior alveolar nerve was blocked with one cartridge of%2 lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured with Omron digital sphigmomanometer [model M4] and recorded in 5 stages [At the admit time until 10 minutes after injection], and compared with together. The findings of our study showed that injection of one Cartridge of 2% lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine has negligible effects on blood pressure and pulse rate. Because of the minimum cardiovascular effects of one cartridge of%2 lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine in healthy cases, it seems to be safe for patients with mild cardiovascular disease

Evaluation of need to pulse oximetry monitoring during inhalation sedation for periodontal treatments

Inhalation sedation is used for pain and anxiety control in dentistry. Hypoxia is the most important side effect which can be detected using pulse oximetry, however, there are different opinions about the use of this instrument. This study has been designed to investigate this subject. In this study, 32 adult patients from periodontal surgical department were selected for their surgical treatment to be performed under inhalation sedation with 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide. Chances of hypoxia occurrence in these patients during and after surgery were evaluated, using pulse oximetry. Average arterial blood oxygen saturation before surgery was measured to be 98.8 +/- 0.61% while it was 99.4 +/- 0.17% during the surgery. Hypoxemia was seen in one case during the surgery. Average arterial blood oxygen saturation in the first and the fifth minute after disconnection from nitrous oxide were above 97%. Hypoxia occurred in one case which can be due to patient's malaise and movement. Inhalation sedation may be administered without the use of pulse oximetry. However, if the observed hypoxia is a sign of real hypoxemia, we conclude that pulse oximetry is necessary during relative analgesia. Due to our lack of adequate experience with inhalation sedation, it is advisable to employ pulse oximetry for this type of sedation in dentistry

[Evaluation of the effect of inhalation sedation on gag reflex in hyperactive gag reflex patients during dental treatment]

Hyperactive gag reflexes in some dental patients may lead to difficulties in the treatment processes. Various methods have been introduced for control of gag reflex in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inhalation sedation for gag reflex control in patients with hyperactive gag reflexes and improving operation condition during dental treatment. In this clinical trial study 14 healthy adult patients with tow times failure in dental treatment due to the hyperactive gag reflexes were selected for treatment of posterior mandibular teeth. For all patients, treatment was performed under inhalation sedation with 50% N2O and 50% O2. Severity of gag reflexes and operation conditions was evaluated and results were analyzed using Spearman, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Of 14 patients under study, 4 patients were men [28.6%] and 10 patients were women [71.4%]. Gag reflex during operation was suppressed in 11 patients [77.8%] and it was active in only three patients [21.4]. Dental treatment was performed easily in nine patients [64.2%], while in three patients [21.4%] it was done with difficulty and in two patients [14.3%] no treatment was performed due to hyperactive gag reflex. Complications were not observed during treatment. For reducing gag reflexes and improving the operations condition in patients with severe gag reflexes it is possible to use inhalation sedation [N2O and O2] which is easy to use and safe. In case, this method is not sufficient, treatment should be performed under general anesthesia

[Effects of realaxation therapy on signs and symptoms of patientswith TMD and depression]

Temporo-mandibular disorders [TMDs] are a group of chronic and common disease that a lot of skeletal, Dental and psychologic factors can have an effect on it. Proposed treatment to control this disorder consists of wide variety of drugs and non-drugs methods beside dental treatment. Some investigations have reffered to relation between TMDs and some psychologic factors such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate affects of relaxation therapy on TMDs.This was a clinical trial study. The case group consisted of 25 patients with TMDs and an average mark of depression Beck index of 4/4. After Beck test, patients were taught relaxation therapy methods. These methods were done until-two weeks. After completion of methods, Beck test was done again and TMD patients were re-enaluated.The average incidence of pain in TMJ [in function and Rest] the maximum opening, maximum protrusive and Lateral movement, deviation of mandible in maximum mouth opening, and Beck test mark before and after relaxation therapy were meaningful and changes showed decrease in TMDs signs. Findings show the effect of psychologic factors as an independent etiologic factor or dependent precursor of TMDs. These effects shouldn't be ignored, therefore the relaxation therapy without any side effects can be a combined method with other methods to increase patients cooperation because offoovering the pain

Comparison for community periodontal index of treatment needs [CPITN] between insulin dependent diabetic patients and healthy individuals

Diabetes increase salvia sugar and change its bacterial flora these changes destroy periodon-tal tissues. There are contravercies about affect of diabetes on periodontal tissues. In this study CPITN index that show intensity of periodontal damage was compared in insulin depended with healthy individual. In this study 132 CPITN index measured in 132 insulin depended diabetic patients and 132 healthy individual that two groups had similar oral hygiene. Thus CPITN index in diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals. There was no significant difference for CPITN index in male and female diabetic patients. CPITN index in diabetic patients was 1.36 +/- 1.24] and significantly higher than healthy individuals [0.54 +/- 0.77]. Saliva change in diabetic patients and change in oral micro organism explins this subject. Effects of diabetes in oral cavity and periodontal issue can increase CPITN index in diabetic patients. These changes were not sex related